Mass Incarceration
by Earl Smith and Angela J. Hattery updated; 9/7/2026 During his tenure in the White House, President Obama has focused some much needed attention to the prison system in the United States, a system that incarcerates more people on…
Way Down in the Hole: Race, Intimacy and the Reproduction of Racial Ideologies in Solitary Confinement Angela J. Hattery & Earl Smith (2022) Based on ethnographic observations and interviews with inmates, correctional officers, and civilian staff that we conducted in…
Earl Smith, PhD (2020) Black youth are currently confined in the criminal punishment system 3X white youth[1] Blacks get longer sentences than whites[2] Blacks are confined in solitary confinement more often than whites[3] Blacks (men) comprise a larger percentage of those exonerated…