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We employ critical race theory or CRT as a tool for interrogating the presence of Hip Hop music in NBA stadiums because it centers the discussion on race and racial inequalities from the perspective of non-white people. CRT is also…
An important voice in the debate about exploitation comes from Professor Harry Edwards. He put it thus: For decades, student athletes, usually 17-to-19 year-old freshmen, have informally agreed to a contract with the universities they attend: athletic performance in exchange…
From the rose garden Donald Trump tells the public that whites are killed more often by the police than Black people. White people are 60.4% of the U.S. population. Black people are 13.4% of the US population. This means that…
Earl Smith, PhD (2020) Black youth are currently confined in the criminal punishment system 3X white youth[1] Blacks get longer sentences than whites[2] Blacks are confined in solitary confinement more often than whites[3] Blacks (men) comprise a larger percentage of those exonerated…
Earl Smith, PhD — Angela J. Hattery, PhD The Emancipation Proclamation of September 22, 1862 became official January 1, 1863 thus ending chattel slavery. Slave owners could have cared less. Many moved to Texas to avoid the freedom extended to…
Earl Smith, PhD — Angela J. Hattery, PhD For the past week or so many, many individuals, news people, corporations have been saying–from their various platforms–that Black Lives Matter. We disagree. If Black lives mattered, Black people would not lag…
Many people may be surprised by not only the police violence in Minneapolis, but also by the protests that are ravaging the city. Isn’t that a “white” state? It’s not in the south? Why are Black people there so angry…
Anna Julia Cooper’s best-known written work, A Voice from the South by a Black Woman of the South, was published in 1892. This collection of essays and speeches, described by Mary Helen Washington as an “unparalleled articulation of black feminist thought”…
by Earl Smith, PhD and Angela J. Hattery, PhD My book Race, Sport and the American Dream (RSAD, 2014) is an analysis of race in SportsWorld (™) from the time sports became an American item. From the early days of Marshall…
UPDATED OCTOBER 21, 2014, 12:30 PM Many people see sports as the only viable pathway to the American Dream for poor African-American families. Young athletes often have coaches who live and work in middle class communities. This provides exposure to…